Management Information and Communication System Essay - 1

Management Information and Communication System - Essay Example In order to achieve the constant supply of raw materials and the supply of goods and services to the consumers, a business firm should ensure that their supply chain management systems are effective. In this case, only an effective supply chain management system can enhance the firm’s responsiveness to its customers’ needs and utilisation of its resources. In effect, the supply chain management system enables a firm’s coordination during the processes of planning, production, and logistics with the suppliers. Business Benefits of Supply Chain Management Systems A business should be able to evaluate the status of its supplies and resources while maintaining an inventory system along the supply chain. Bowersox, Closs and Cooper (2010, p. 133) called this visibility, which is the ability of a business to track its resources and inventory along the supply chain while evaluating and managing any information regarding the resources and inventory. In effect, supply chai n management systems benefits a business by using the information in the supply chain to plan against any potential problems along the supply chain. Consequently, the evaluation of these problems enables businesses to manage any potential risks, which enhances the responsiveness of a business towards its consumers’ needs. ... In addition, a business will benefit by planning for the consumers’ constraints such as transportation and storage capacities, raw materials required, and the amount a firm should produce in order to meet the consumers’ demands. Supply Chain Management Systems and Coordination of Planning, Production, and Logistics with Suppliers As earlier indicated, one business benefit of supply chain management systems to a firm is the ability of a firm to remain responsive to its consumers’ demand. In effect, an effective system will enhance a firm’s planning of its production to meet the market demand, which is the process of demand management. Bowersox, Closs and Cooper (2010, p. 133) noted, â€Å"Demand management develops the forecast that drives anticipatory supply chain processes.† The importance of the â€Å"anticipatory supply chain processes† in a business firm is to establish the amount of products to produce and the raw materials required in t he production of the products. In effect, an organisation maintains a steady contact with the suppliers of raw materials based on the firm’s projections and stock available. A supply chain management system enables a business to identify the goods that require production in a firm. In this way, a firm will be able to balance between its ability in terms of resources available and the manufacturing stock. It is important to point out that these resources include the most significant resource of human capital. Bowersox, Closs, and Cooper (2010, p. 135) called this product planning and noted, â€Å"It uses the statement of requirements obtained from demand management in conjunction with

Internet gambling Essay Example for Free

Internet gambling Essay Internet gambling represents one of the fastest growing segments of online activities with hundreds of websites providing users the opportunity to place bets on anything, ranging from casino games to sporting events. Billions of dollars in bets are placed each day in these online gambling rings. Thousands of these sites exist and many countries economies benefit from them. Sadly, Americas leaders fail to see the benefits in allowing online gambling to take place on American soil. Whether it be for recreation or as their only source of income, hundreds of thousands of Americans participate in the phenomenon known as online gambling. For the countries (Great Britain, France, and a number of islands in the Caribbean) that host these sites, it means millions of dollars being taxed each year for allowing the gambling sites to exist. President Bush signed into effect in mid-October a bill that outlaws sending credit card payments or other funds to websites involved with online gambling. Consequently, many of the stocks of these corporations are bound to decrease severely, potentially hurting the nations economy. A countless number of college students across America participate in online gambling, a small percentage of those depending solely on the money they make from gambling to pay for their tuition. This new law will leave these people scrambling to find jobs to stay in school. If the job search fails, these students will be forced to go deep into debt by taking out loans or drop out of college altogether, thereby making the United States lose valuable money that these students are paying for their education. Putting internet poker aside for now, online sports wagering has been around for as long as anyone can remember. Before the new bill passed, a person could sign onto a gambling site, enter their handle and password, and have unlimited access to hundreds of betting lines, point spreads, and over/under numbers. One more click and they can place their bets on the game or race of their choice. With the new law, the aforementioned is a part of the distant past. Place a bet over the phone and rest easy. Place the same bet online and face stiff penalties including steep fines and possibly jail time. This simply doesnt make sense. America has tried prohibition before, in the 1920s. Despite the governments best efforts, Americans continued to consume alcohol. Seeing that they were missing out on a huge source of revenue, legislators reversed the law and began taxing the alcohol. This new internet gambling law works in much the same way, forbidding the participation in online gambling to everyone on American soil. However, the internets boundaries stretch further than any government on earth can ever begin to regulate fully. With many people being computer literate these days, it is undoubtedly impossible to stop these people from finding ways around the law. Much like the prohibition law of the 1920s, Americas government is missing out on a huge amount of taxable income. This definitely could help the government pull out of the extreme debt they are in. Prohibiting internet gambling also goes against one of the unalienable rights that America was founded upon: the pursuit of happiness. Gambling has the potential to make people happy, and prohibiting them from participating in it goes against the Declaration of Independence that our founding fathers laid down as rules for Americans to abide by. Although legislators have succeeded in passing a law against internet gambling, it will be found virtually impossible to enforce it. States will begin to grow tired of watching potential tax revenue float over to other countries. The move that makes the most sense for the American government is to legalize internet gambling, tax the income it generates, and increase the economy. After all, abiding by the immortal words spoken by Kenny Rogers in The Gambler, Americans should know when to hold ? em, know when to fold ? em, know when to walk away, and know when to run.

The Role Of Marine Protected Areas Environmental Sciences Essay

The Role Of Marine Protected Areas Environmental Sciences Essay Among different ecosystem in the world coral reef ecosystem is one of the most important ecosystem which benefits millions of people around the whole world by buffering coastal communities against ocean storms, supply of animal protein, pharmaceuticles product made from harbor organisms and also provide esthetic values for tourists, support tourism based economies and also act as a living laboratory for scientists. Coral reefs are threatened by human activities like, sedimentation, pollution, overfishing and other factors (Dirk Lauretta, 1998). Destructive fishing practices with the use of poisons, expolsives, fine mesh nets reduces entire reefs ecosystems. Among all the marine environment, coral reefs are home to more than a quarter of all known marine fish species (M. Don, 1995). Coral reefs occupy less than one percent of the Earths marine environment, but are home to more than a quarter of all known marine fish species and tens of thousands of other species found nowhere else on earth. The degradation of coastal ecosystems not only results in a loss of biodiversity but also a loss of revenue, depleted fish stocks and increased exposure of communities to storms. Marine protected areas is a protected areas of ocean covering a wide range of marine areas with some level of restriction to protect living, non-living, cultural and historic resources. World Conservation Union (IUCN) defines marine protected areas as, any area of the intertidal or subtidal terrain, together with its overlying water and associated flora, fauna, historical and cultural features, which has been reserved by law or other effective means to protect part or all of the enclosed environments. In the world there are now 1300 marine protected areas and many more are in planning stage (Kelleher et al. 1995). Conservation and sustainable provision for human uses are the main objectives for marine protected areas. Marine protected areas can include: coral reefs, seagrass beds, tidal lagoons, mudflats, saltmarshes, mangroves, rock platforms, shipwrecks, archeological sites, underwater areas on the coast, and seabeds in deep waters (Australian Government). Marine protected areas are mainly dedicated to protect the biodiversity rich areas, like coral reefs. Among the most diverse ecosystem on the planet coral reefs are one of them. Coral reefs are important asset for biological and natural heritage, which serves as sea food, medicinal materials, income from tourism, buffering coastal cities and protect from storm damage (Dirk Lauretta, 1998). Description: Coral reefs have structural complexity with high biodiversity and densities. Globaly there are approximately 93,000 coral species are recorded and suggested estimates of reef associated species between one and three million which covers 284,000km2 or 0.09% of the total surface area of the ocean. Though these complex ecosystems are rare, 4000 worldwide fish species use these ecosystem as their home (Steven, 2008). Humans are increasingly rely on coral reefs because of their proximity to shore, fisheries support and recreational opportunities. But unfortunately these ecosystems are in greate threat due to overfishing, destructive fishing practices, land based pollution, agriculture, deforestation and global climate change (Wilkinson,1998). Coral reefs have biological, socioeconomic, scientific and aesthetic values (Smith,1978; Salm Kenchinton, 1984; Clark et al., 1989) and there are many ways to conserve or manage coral reef resources through the establishment of marine protected areas (Bohnsack,1990; Polunin,1990; Rowley,1994) The majority of worlds coral reefs are situated in the waters of developing nations which is a big challenge for conservation of these ecosystems (Souter Linden, 2000), because of poverty, hunger, political instability and economic development, where coral reef preservation is not the top priorities for the governments (McManus,1997). Many coral reef fishes and invertebrates are relatively site attached and target fish species moved to greater distances and also play intra-reefal movements between reefs across channels (Davies, 1995; Chapman Kramer, 2000). Now a days coral reefs are in serious trouble in the whole world by combination of stresses which are threatening their survival, and also by the following facts overexploitation of resources and commercial fishing; degradation and destroy the habitat by destructive fishing practices increasing coastal populations, which are expected to double in the next 50 years; poor and unauthorized uses of land and runoff of nutrients, sediments and pollutants. disease outbreaks, poor water quality and pollutants; coral bleaching with seawater temperatures increasing and global change; and deforestation of coastal mangrove. Even apparently transient fish such as the blue trevally show strong site fidelity (Holland et al. 1996). This has huge implications for MPA design. Though many species like coral trouts move long distance (Davies 1995; Kramer Chapman 1999), within the reefs but their densities will increases within the MPA area which can only protect part of an island (Russ Alcala 1996a; Evans Russ in press). MPAs established to protect the whole reefs or part of the island to get the best result for conservation and larval export objectives (ISRS, 2004). Reefs at Risk: A Map-Based Indicator of Threats to the Worlds Coral Reefs, is the first global assessment of coral reefs to map areas at risk from overfishing, coastal development, and other human activity. The study finds that nearly 60 percent of the earths coral reefs are threatened by human activity ranging from coastal development and overfishing to inland and marine pollution leaving much of the worlds marine biodiversity at risk. Key findings of the report Coral reefs of Southeast Asia, the most species-rich on earth, are the most threatened of any region.  More than 80 percent are at risk, primarily from coastal development and fishing- related pressures. Most United States reefs are threatened.  Almost all the reefs off the Florida coast are at risk from a range of factors, including runoff of fertilizers and pollutants from farms and coastal development. Close to half of Hawaiis reefs are threatened, while virtually all of Puerto Ricos reefs are at risk. Nearly two-thirds of Caribbean reefs are in jeopardy.  Most of the reefs on the Antilles chain, including the islands of Jamaica, Barbados, Dominica and other vacation favorites, are at high risk. Reefs off Jamaica, for example, have been ravaged as a result of overfishing and pollution. Many resemble graveyards, algae-covered and depleted of fish. Reefs at risk revisited (2010) include the same local and regional threats as previous reefs at risk with two new components: (a) an assessment of threats related to climate change (coral bleaching and ocean acidification), and (b) an evaluation of the social and economic implications of reef degradation on the worlds coastal populations. The establishment of most marine reserves have two main objectives: conservation and sustainable provision for human uses. Marine protected areas are important for their biological dimensions, such as, productivity, importance as habitat. Breeding and migration, and biodiversity. Marine protected areas used as tool for the marine environment to meet management objectives which reflect political and social views and reconcile fishery and conservation concerns. The success of MPA depends on the quality of governance and the social and economic situation how people use marine goods and services (Jennings, 2009). The report done by fisheries doctorines summarize the role of marine protected areas are; small MPA can lead the increase of number and size of molluscan and crustacean with low mobility, reduction in fishing mortality and changes in habitates, increases in spawning, evidence of spil over, protecting juveniles, spin-off benefits for commercial species (Defra, 2006). MPAs can provide great role for coral reefs, for example, the worlds biggest Great Barrier Reef one of the largest protected area allowing sustainable utilization of the reef with numerous uses often conflicting needs by providing support for the economic, social, and political arguments to protect coral reefs. Reefs are tremendously high dynamic and open ecosystem, depends on currents carrying nutrients, water and oxygen, transporting larvae and other materials and also carry pollutants and sediments which inhibit new recruitment of coral and fish in the reefs community. MPAs are established as a conservation tool, play significant role in tourism, positive effects on abundances, biomass, sizes and reproductive outputs of many reef species. The use of MPAs to manage the long distance migrating species by the protection of the habitats by a small portion of certain species population thought to have high site fidelity (Gell Roberts, 2003). Many coral reef fish species use different habitats like, sea grasses, estuaries, and mangrove swamps (Nagelkerken et al. 2002; Mumby et al. 2004), and MPAs can protect these representative habitats on their life stages for management purposes. Ecological linkages The marine ecosystem controlled by bottom-up such as variable recruitment (Doherty Williams, 1988) or top-down processes through predation (Grigg et al. 1984). A wide range of species coral reef fish shows high variable recruitment (Newman et al. 1996; Meekan et al. 2001) which may impact on the ecosystem. Both coral reef fish abundances and assemblage structure affected by recruitment and predation. Predation on the other hand may serve to control outbreaking species such as crown-of-thorns starfish (Dulvy et al. 2004b), MPA size potentially influencing the ability of a MPA on part of an island or reef to control such outbreaks. Role of marine protected areas: Protection of different species which are very sensitive for fishing is the main role of marine protected area, such as fragile benthichabitat-forming organism like, gorgonians are protected by MPAs. Reef biodiversity also improved their habitat quality by MPAs. MPAs also play improtant role for those species which are not doing well under any sort of fisheries management system. In reef MPAs can become more valued for divers due to increase in abundance, size and diversity of reef associated fish species (Williams and Polunin, 2000). It also recover the stocks of different species and ecosytem functioning within the area. Another important role is reducing or eliminating fishing mortality. Coral reef fish also based on increases in fish density and size (Russ, 2002). The size of MPA depends upon the goal and ecology of the relevant species. Smaller MPAs provide local fisheries benefits and larger MPAs provide more regional benefits through larval production and recruitment (Robert, 2000). Conclusion: MPAs are not the best solution for fisheries management but its a useful tools for preservation and enhancement for certain critical habitats, but in specific condition MPAs may be benifited for commercial mobil species (Defra, 2006). Last three decades MPAs used as a management framework for coral reef conservation but rarely achieved their goals due to lack of regulation enforcement. From the 1300 MPAs management only 383 MPAs are effective which is only 29% (Russ, 1999). Among the parks only 9% are high management level that generally achieves their management objectives (McClanahan, 1999) and only 660 MPAs contained coral reefs by 2000 (Spalding, 2001). Sometimes the design and the implimentation of MPAs differ between developed and non-developed countries, because people much more dependent on resource exploitation. In most cases community involvement and support during MPA establishment are most important for MPA success (ISRS, 2004). Referrence: ISRS (2004) Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) in Management of Coral Reefs. Briefing Paper 1, International Society for Reef Studies, pp: 13. Anon. (1990). Environmental Management Plan of the Seychelles 1990-2000. Department of Environment, Government of Seychelles, Mah6, Seychelles. B. Dirk, B. Lauretta et al. (1998) A Map-Based Indicator of Threates to the Worlds Coral Reefs, Reefs at Risk, ISBN: 1-55963-257-4. Bohnsack, J. A. (Plan Development Team) (1990). The potential of marine fishery reserves for reef fish management in the US southern Atlantic. NOAA Tech. Mem,, C. Wilkinson, Editor,  Status of coral reefs of the world: 1998, Australian Institute of Marine Science, Cape Ferguson, Queensland, Australia (1998). Chapman MR, Kramer DL (2000) Movement of fishes within and among fringing coral reefs in Barbados. Environmental Biology of Fishes 57:11-24. Clark, J. R., Causey, B. Bohnsack, J. A. (1989). Benefits from coral reef protection: Looe Key Reef, Florida. In Coastal Zone 89, ed. O. T. Magoon, H. Converse, D. Miner, L. T. Tobin D. Clark. American Society of Civil Engineers, New York, pp. 3076-86. D.W. Souter and O. Linden, The health and future of coral reef systems,  Ocean Coastal Management  43  (2000), pp. 657-688. Davies CR (1995) Patterns of movement of three species of coral reef fish on the Great Barrier Reef. Ph.D. diss., James Cook University of North Queensland, Townsville, Australia. 212p. Defra, 2006, W:fishsciencepdfMPAs Brief Summary of Conclusions from 3 reports for Web.doc. The potential role of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) for fisheries management purposes: Fisheries Directorates summary of the main conclusions emerging from three desk studies. Doherty PJ, Williams DM (1988) The replenishment of coral-reef fish populations. Oceanography and Marine Biology 26: 487-551. Don McAllister, Status of the World Ocean and Its Biodiversity, Sea Wind 9, no. 4 (1995), 14. Gell FR, Roberts CM (2003) Benefits beyond boundaries: the fishery effects of marine reserves. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 18: 448-455. Grigg RW, Polovina JJ, Atkinson MJ (1984) Model of a coral reef ecosystem III. Resource limitation, community regulation, fisheries yield and resource management. Coral Reefs 3: 23-27. Jennings, S. 2009. The role of marine protected areas in environmental management. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 16-21. Kelleher, G., C. Bleakley, and S. Wells, editors. 1995. A global representative system of marine protected areas.Volume Great Barrier Reef Marine Authority, World Bank, and World Conservation Union (IUCN). Environment Department, World Bank, Washington, D.C., USA. McClanahan TR. Is there a future for coral reef parks in poor tropical countries?. Coral Reefs 1999;18:321-5. McManus JW. Tropical marine fisheries and the future of coral reefs: a brief review with emphasis on Southeast Asia. Coral Reefs 1997;16S:S121-7. Meekan MG, Ackerman JL, Wellington GM (2001) Demography and age structures of coral reef damselfishes in the tropical eastern Pacific Ocean. Marine Ecology Progress Series 212: 223-232. Mumby PJ, Edwards AJ, Arias-Ganzalez JE, Lindeman KC, Blackwell PG, Gall A, Gorczynska MI, Harborne AR, Pescod CL, Renken H, Wabnitz CCC, Llewellyn G (2004) Mangroves enhance the biomass of coral reef fish communities in the Caribbean. Nature 427: 533-536. Nagelkerken I, Roberts CM, van der Velde G, Dorenbosch M, van Riel MC, de la Morinere EC, Nienhuis PH (2002) How important are mangroves and seagrass beds for coral-reef fish? The nursery hypothesis tested on an island scale. Marine Ecology Progress Series 244: 299-305. Newman SJ, Williams D.McB, Russ GR (1996) Age validation, growth, and mortality rates of the tropical snappers (Pisces: Lutjanidae) Lutjanus adetii (Castelnau, 1873) and L. quinquelineatus (Bloch, 1790) from the central Great Barrier Reef. Fishery Bulletin 94:313-329. NMFS-SEFC-261, 1-40. Polunin NVC (2002) Marine protected areas, fish and fisheries. In: Hart PJB, Reynolds JC (eds) Handbook of Fish and Fisheries, Volume II, Blackwell, Oxford. pp: 293-318 Polunin, N. V. C. (1990). Marine regulated areas: an expanded approach for the tropics. Res. Manage. Optim., 7, 283-99. Rowley, R. J. (1994). Marine reserves in fisheries management. Aquat. Conserv., 4, 233-54. Russ GR (2002) Yet another review of marine reserves as reef fisheries management tools. In: Sale PF (ed) Coral Reef Fishes: Dynamics and Diversity in a Complex Ecosystem, Academic Press, San Diego. pp: 421-443 Russ GR, Alcala AC. Management histories of Sumilon and Apo Marine Reserves, Philippines, and their influence on National Marine Resource Policy. Coral Reefs 1999;18:307-19. Saim, R. V. Kenchington, R. A. (1984). The need for management. In Coral reef management handbook, ed. R. A. Kenchington B. E. T. Hudson. UNESCO, Jakarta, pp. 9-13. Saim, R. V. Kenchington, R. A. (1984). The need for management. In Coral reef management handbook, ed. R. A. Kenchington B. E. T. Hudson. UNESCO, Jakarta, pp. 9-13. Smith, S. V. (1978). Coral-reef area and the contributions of reef processes and resources to the worlds oceans. Nature Lond., 273, 225-6. Smith, S. V. (1978). Coral-reef area and the contributions of reef processes and resources to the worlds oceans. Nature Lond., 273, 225-6. Spalding MD, Ravilious C, Green EP. World atlas of coral reefs. Berkeley, California: University of California Press; 2001. Steven M. Thur(2008), User fees as sustainablefinancing mechanisms for marine protected areas: An application to the Bonaire National Marine Park; Marine Policy, Vol. 34, Issue 1, Jan10, pp 63-69. Williams ID, Polunin NVC (2000) Differences between protected and unprotected reefs of the western Caribbean in attributes preferred by dive tourists. Environmental Conservation 27: 382-391. Roberts, C.M. 2000. Biophysical Design of Marine Protected Areas. Paper presented at the 9th International Coral Reef Symposium, October 23-27, 2000, Bali, Indonesia. Reefs at Risk: A Map-Based Indicator of Threats to the Worlds Coral Reefs

Doubting Religion in Wallace Stevens Sunday Morning Essay -- Poem Poe

Doubting Religion in Wallace Stevens' Sunday Morning Voice is an integral part of Wallace Stevens' "Sunday Morning." The voice of the poem is not the woman's, but that of an outside narrator who seems to give words to the feelings that the woman experiences. The dramatic situation is created during the first stanza. The woman, still in her peignoir, is taking "late coffee and oranges in a sunny chair" on a bright Sunday morning instead of attending church. The quiet of the scene is evident, and the "holy hush" provides the woman with the perfect environment for introspection. The poetic problem arises when the woman, in her liminal state of mind, is troubled with conflicting emotions about life, death, and Christianity. The first thought that encroaches upon the woman's daydreams and darkens the atmosphere is that of a solemn "procession of the dead" to Palestine. Her interaction with the procession is interesting because it symbolizes the journey she is making in her mind and sets the tone for later religious questioning in the poem. The second stanza begins with a series of rhetorical questions that express the woman's inner struggle. The second question is her response to the dark encroachment of the procession, and the third question answers the previous two. The randomness of this questioning illustrates the disorganized nature of her thinking, and an answer finally surfaces when she decides that "divinity must live within herself." A list of positive and negative emotions that she has experienced as a result of nature provides further explanation of the divinity she hopes she possesses within. The realization that these emotions "are the measures destined for her soul" ends the stanza with a feeling of hopefulness. Reli... ...ained in the seventh when Stevens depicts pre-Christian ideals such as the ancient worship of the sun as a god. Here, the blood of the turbulent, chanting men leaves them and returns to the sky in a process similar to the commingling human blood with the blood of heaven in the third stanza A few other philosophical observations result from this stanza, including the suggestion that Gods are humanly created and the idea that men are a part of nature. The last stanza of "Sunday Morning" reiterates the feeling of solitude that the woman experiences in the first stanza, but the tone has changed. The image of silent water again dominates the scene, and her religious questioning continues. She is still suspended in a disorganized state of mind, but there is a feeling of acceptance of the ambiguity of life that is not replaced with the peace of mind and hopes of happiness.

Analysis of Emma Lazarus’ The New Colossus

Analysis of Emma Lazarus' Statue of Liberty Poem X Maxwell Wallace Maxwell Wallace has been a professional freelance copywriter since 1999. His work has appeared in numerous print and online publications. An avid surfer, Wallace enjoys writing about travel and outdoor activities throughout the world. He holds a Bachelor of Science in communication and journalism from Suffolk University, Boston. â€Å"The New Colossus† is a sonnet by the late American poet, Emma Lazarus (1849-1887). . Significance * In 1903, â€Å"The New Colossus† achieved exceptional notoriety and perdurable fame when the last four lines of the piece were engraved on a large bronze plaque underneath the Statue of Liberty, located on Ellis Island in New York, New York. About the Author * Considered by her contemporaries as a dignitary of American letters, Emma Lazarus was one of the first successful Jewish-American authors in history. The New Colossus† exemplifies many common themes found in her c atalog of work, most notably sympathy for emigrants seeking exile from harsh regimes and those who enduring prejudice — both of which were commonplace during her lifetime. History * Construction on the Statue of Liberty was completed in 1886, however the pedestal of the statue remained unfinished for some time. Lazarus wrote the piece in conjunction with a movement by a group of New York artists and writers who were trying to raise money for the pedestal's completion. Considerations * The poem describes the millions of immigrants who had already passed through Ellis Island, as well as lauding those who had yet to make the journey. Significance * The images of freedom and redemption in â€Å"The New Colossus† only further solidified the feelings of hope and rebirth experienced by immigrants who passed through Ellis Island

Aggressive Behavior In Young People Young People Essay Essay Example

Aggressive Behavior In Young People Young People Essay Essay Example Aggressive Behavior In Young People Young People Essay Essay Aggressive Behavior In Young People Young People Essay Essay The addition in violent behaviour in the American society particularly amongst adolescents has triggered research on causes of force. There has been a important addition in aberrant behaviour particularly among the immature people and this has included instances of school violent deaths, armed offenses, sexual offenses and other signifiers of condemnable behaviour. This tendency has caused concern to defenders, parents and the society in general. Research on force in immature people has pointed to the media as a major subscriber to force. Different researches have shown that kids who are exposed to force in the media at a immature age are more likely to show violent actions than those who are non exposed to it. Research has besides shown that prevailing exposure of force to kids takes topographic point through the telecasting. These researches have concluded that kids who watch the telecasting for a longer period of clip are likely to show aggressive behaviour and develop violent ten dencies later in life. However, it is of import to re-evaluate this issue and develop clear findings on the relationship between watching the telecasting and development of aggressive behaviour among kids. This can be achieved through analysing literature and research on the topic by bookmans. This paper aims at analysing the relationship between watching telecasting and development of aggressive behaviour by kids. This analysis will be done utilizing the annotated bibliography format. Three articles of a scholarly literature will be evaluated to develop accurate research findings. These articles are Television force: A reappraisal of the effects on kids of different ages by the Media Awareness Network, Violence in society by Anderson and How the Television affects your kid by Kid s Health Organization. The discussed issues will be summarized at the terminal. Statement of hypothesis The statement of hypothesis will specify the purposes of the research. The statement of hypothesis will be Do kids who watch telecasting more than three hours a twenty-four hours exhibit more aggressive behaviour than those who watch fewer than three hours a twenty-four hours? Research inquiries There will be other research inquiries which will take at understanding aggression among kids and observation of the telecasting for longer hours. One of the research inquiries will be What is the association of aggressive behaviour in kids and violent media? Another research inquiry will be What can be done to deter aggression amongst kids . Article 1: Media Awareness Network. ( 2009 ) . Television force: A reappraisal of the effects on kids of different ages. Introduction Many surveies have explained the causes of development of aggression among kids and adolescents who are exposed to force or grownup content by the media. Research workers from the Media Awareness Network assess the impacts which telecasting plans have on kids of different ages. They analyze a measure by measure influence on aggression and force amongst kids of different ages as a consequence of being exposed to the telecasting. They farther explain that kids are normally unable to hold on the content or narrative behind a film or plan, and their attending is normally captured by dramatic scenes or scenes which they are familiar with. When this happens, such kids begin copying the behaviour particularly when it is presented in an unlittered, instructional and simple mode. Literature reappraisal and findings When kids are about two old ages of age, they begin paying attending to telecasting plans. The screening form developed during this age is likely to be carried frontward to adulthood. During this phase, kids prefer watching sketchs and plans which have fast traveling characters that capture their involvement. During pre-school age, they enter the exploratory phase where they try to decode intending from content they are exposed to. In this phase, they are attracted to production characteristics which are vivid and which include rapid changing of scenes, rapid motion of characters and unexpected or intense sounds and sights ( Media Awareness Network, 2009 ) . Most instances of force in the telecasting plans are followed by production characteristics which are graphic and this means that kids pay attending and seek out violent scenes. It is of import to observe that kids are non attracted to violent Acts of the Apostless in the media but instead the vivid characteristics of production which accompany such scenes. Although telecasting content may subsequently explicate the effects and motive behind the force, kids are unable to hold on these of import facets due to their low adulthood degrees. They are likely to copy violent Acts of the Apostless and act sharply without consciousness of effects of such actions. During the simple school ages, kids have the ability to do illations and follow secret plans every bit good as understand effects and motives attached to the actions of histrions. However, their mental development is non to the full developed and it is non possible to find whether they will deeply treat the information from the telecasting or simply react in a superficial or unfocused manner. By eight old ages of age, kids will probably develop aggression if they identify themselves with violent heroes. However, if force is depicted as immorality, through penalty or doing enduring, such kids are improbable to copy it. By the clip they are about ten old ages of age, kids begin besides watching family-oriented or grownup content and may develop a similitude for films which employ force. During adolescence, kids have high abstract logical thinking and idea degrees and they use this for academic work as opposed to watching the telecasting. However, they become independent and may get down watching horror, adult or violent films every bit good as music picture. These have a negative consequence on striplings and unless they are decently guided by grownups, they may prosecute in violent or immoral Acts of the Apostless. However, merely the minor proportion which believes in the power of telecasting and identifies with violent heroes is likely to pattern violent Acts of the Apostless against their equals. This position is supported by messages which plans which have high grades of force advertise. Programs such as World Wrestling expose kids to high degrees of force and manufacturers have acknowledged the effects which this exposure may hold on them. As a consequence, such plans carry messages which warn kids and immature people non to reiterate actions they see during t he plan as the histrions are professionally trained performing artists who have practiced for many old ages. Methodology However, the writers use secondary research as opposed to primary research as a footing for developing their findings. A assortment of diaries and books are used for the research. It is of import to understand the failings and strengths of this research methodological analysis. Failings of secondary research include the possibility of doubling mistakes from paperss used and the inability to research research further through existent question of authors of the research. This arises from the fact that research workers are non physically present to reply any inquiries which may originate from their research. Advantages of this research method include the low cost and easiness of set abouting research from the cyberspace. The ability to confirm information from diverse beginnings on the Internet is besides another benefit of utilizing this method. Significance of findings The findings of this article are really utile to parents and defenders in general. The research paper helps parents and defenders to understand the idea procedure which kids and adolescents experience when they are exposed to the telecasting. This enables them have an penetration of the effects that force on the telecasting has on kids of different ages. This is of import when parents want to screen their kids from force. The article besides discusses assorted ways in which parents may protect their kids from force and these will be discussed at the terminal of the paper. Article 2: Anderson, K. ( 2008 ) . Violence in society Introduction This writer links the addition in force in society with the exposure of kids to violence through the telecasting. The writer begins by giving several statistics on force or aggression exposures to kids. The first research shows that over 50 % of kids were afraid of force against their households, which showed the paranoia among kids. Extra statistics show that about 20 % of adolescents in the US between the ages of 10 and 17 are cognizant of a individual who has been shot ( Anderson, 2008 ) . Within the last two decennaries, the proportion of child maltreatment increased by over 40 % . Violent offense on the other manus has increased by 60 % within the last four decennaries. Literature reappraisal and findings The writer so links the force in society to exposure to force through the telecasting particularly among kids. Statisticss used to associate these two phenomena explain that kids in the US reveal that an mean kid is exposed to 100,000 Acts of the Apostless of force and 8,000 televised slayings before completion of simple school. This figure doubles before they reach maturity. In add-on, adolescents watch over 10,000 hours of stone music on MTV, and this exposes them to a assortment of violent or immoral Acts of the Apostless. Research on 732 kids straight linked exposure to force on telecasting to delinquent behaviour by kids and this ranged from contending to struggles with parents. These Acts of the Apostless correlated with exposure to telecasting screening. Another longer term research by the University of Illinois made findings that telecasting wonts at a stamp age straight influenced aggressive behaviour at ulterior ages. This means that the more exposure to violence that a kid has, the more they are likely to be violent in ulterior life. Methodology The writer uses a combination of secondary and primary beginnings when carry oning research. Benefits of primary research include the ability to seek accounts on ill-defined issues straight from the writers of research. Another advantage is that organic structure linguistic communication may be used to do decisions through non-verbal communicating. Disadvantages include the fact that it is expensive to transport out. Another failing is that there may be interviewer or interviewee bias depending on the accomplishments of the interviewer. The failings and strengths of secondary beginnings were earlier discussed. Significance of findings The findings of this research are really of import to parents, instructors, defenders and the society at big. These findings show clear linkage between exposure to force on the telecasting to kids and the development of aggressive behaviour. Such grounds from research reinforces the position that kids should be protected from violent content when they are turning up and this is the duty of the society as a whole. Various methods which can be used to accomplish this aim will be discussed at the terminal of the paper. Article 3: Kid s Health Organization. ( 2010 ) . How the Television affects your kid Introduction The writers begin by giving facts about the mean clip spent by kids watching the telecasting. They explain that the mean kid under six old ages of age spends two hours daily watching telecasting, DVDs or pictures. Adolescents and kids who are aged between eight and 18 old ages of age spend four hours and two hours on the telecasting and computing machine severally. The American Pediatrics Association recommends kids under two old ages of age non to watch telecasting at all, and those over two old ages non to watch more than two hours of telecasting daily. This is because the first and 2nd twelvemonth after childbearing is indispensable for mental development and electronic devices should non impact playing, geographic expedition and interaction of kids with people around them. Literature reappraisal and findings The writers explain that telecasting is utile to kids if watched in moderateness since it exposes them to larning and researching new things. However, inordinate observation of the telecasting by kids has been linked to inauspicious effects such as being fleshy, development of fright and aggression every bit good as acceptance of hazardous behaviour such as usage of drugs. They explain that the mean kid will watch 200,000 violent Acts of the Apostless before they attain maturity ( Kid s Health Organization, 2010 ) . Such kids may copy violent Acts of the Apostless which they view as merriment. Since the good cat normally propagates force against scoundrels, kids view force every bit positive every bit long as it is directed towards the bad cat . In add-on, many plans feature hazardous behaviours such as imbibing, smoke and engaging in sexual Acts of the Apostless. Children may copy this behaviour in a command to look cool to their equals. Research has shown that kids who watch more than five hours of telecasting a twenty-four hours are more likely to take part in sexual Acts of the Apostless, imbibing intoxicant or smoke compared to those who watch telecasting for two hours or less. Methodology The writers likewise used a combination of secondary and primary beginnings when set abouting the research. These beginnings have failings and strengths which have already been discussed in the paper. Significance of findings The findings of this research are really utile since they straight link the figure of hours which kids watch telecasting to the development of aggression and other delinquent behaviours. The American Pediatric Association has recommended that kids watch telecasting for a upper limit of two hours a twenty-four hours, and those aged less than two old ages should non be exposed to the telecasting. This information is of import to parents who are acute to guarantee that their kids have equal mental development and are free from force or immorality which is exposed by the media. Summary and decision The paper has discussed three articles which assess the relationship between development of aggression by kids as a consequence of exposure to the telecasting. All the articles have linked kids s aggression and development of immoral behaviour to exposure to the media. Childs have been seen to copy what they see on the telecasting without equal cognition of the reverberations of such actions. The sum of clip which is spent watching such plans has besides been seen to be straight relative to the aggression developed by kids and adolescents. Children under two old ages of age should non be exposed to the telecasting harmonizing to the American Pediatric Association, and those over two old ages should merely hold two hours of telecasting screening. After the appraisal of these findings, it is clear that the reply to the hypothesis What is the association of aggressive behaviour in kids and violent media? is an addition in instances of aggression and immoral behaviour among kids who are exposed to violent media. This has been supported by research discussed. In order to reply the research inquiry What can be done to deter aggression amongst kids , the undermentioned steps should be taken by parents, instructors an society at big. In order to deter aggressive behaviour among kids, parents and defenders have a duty to command the plans their kids watch or the media they are exposed to. Parents should guarantee that kids are non exposed to violent or immoral behaviour since this may promote them to copy such behaviour. In order to command what kids are exposed to, movie shapers and media houses have a duty to rate the content which is exposed to audiences. This is normally a demand in many societies across the universe, and the media is expected to warn viewing audiences in progress if the content has rough linguistic communication, nakedness, force or scenes of a sexual nature. Once parents are cognizant of the content of plans beforehand, they are able to command what their kids have entree to. This will cut down the degrees of aggression among kids and adolescents in the American society, and the degrees of violent offenses will cut down in the long tally.

brassica rapa essays

brassica rapa essays The Effect of Exogenously Applied Gibberellic Acid on the Plant Type Brassica rapa in a Regulated Environment. The purpose of this experiment was to determine whether the exogenous application of the plant hormone Gibberellic Acid (GA) will increase the growth rate of a Rosette mutant Brassica rapa. A wild type plant was compared to six rosette mutant plants, which have a recessive mutation that prevents the production of Gibberellins, natural plant growth hormones. Gibberellic Acid was applied to six of the plant cells in concentrations of 0, 1, 100, 1000, 10,000, and unknown uM. We compared the height and growth of each plant cell to the control, the 0 uM mutant plant, which represented an unaffected Rosette mutant. Five different measurements of the growth in height of each of the plants were taken over the three week course of the experiment. The data and results analyzed from the experiment helped determine which concentration of Gibberellic Acid has the most effect in the growth response of the Rosette mutants and what the unknown concentration the  ¡unknown ¡ Rosette mutant pl ant was receiving. James Matthew Warner Dishuck and I had the alternate hypothesis that an increase in the concentration of Gibberellic Acid applied exogenously to the Rosettes would result in an increase in plant growth. Our results from our experiment showed that the 1,000 uM and 10,000 uM enhanced Rosette mutants had significant changes in their growth response and height increase through out the experiment, which disproved the null hypothesis that GA enhanced Rosette mutant plants would have a plant growth equal to a Rosette mutant plant unaffected by the plant growth hormone. Gibberellic Acid has a positive effect on the Gibberellins-lacking Rosette mutant Brassica rapa , but after a certain concentration of GA, the plant growth hormone would have a possible negative effect on the Brassica rapa. Brassica rapa is a diminutive plant dev...